![]() Besiege other players, battle AI opponents, research new weaponry, forge alliances and fight for the eternal glory of your House. Farm peacefully, engage in political mind games, seek vengeance on sworn enemies and lead your faction to glory across a medieval kingdom. Any errors are my own.Become Lord of the Middle Ages in Firefly Studios’ Stronghold Kingdoms! Expand your medieval empire and construct mighty castles to protect it. The comments of two anonymous peer reviewers improved the paper’s structure and Emma Drye proof-read a late draft. Steve Boardman kindly discussed Alexander Stewart I’s charter for Abernethy and Derek Hamilton discussed the radiocarbon data. The study has benefitted from various discussions with Richard Oram, during my post-doctoral fellowship at the Centre for Environment, Heritage and Policy (University of Stirling), and Professor Oram also commented on an early draft of this paper. ![]() This paper is dedicated to the memory of Alasdair Ross. The Castle Roy Trust allowed access to the site, and Patricia and Richard Eccles enabled the work in many and various ways. Lindsay Stirling of AOC Archaeology prepared the plan drawings of Castle Roy on which Figure 9 is based and Simon Forder kindly forwarded the text of his recent analysis of the castle, both as the current study was going through peer review. Justin Thacker assisted with setting out datum lines, and Keith Duncan (SNH) advised on the environmental status of various locations. Archaeobotanical Analysis was undertaken with Mike Cressey of CFA Archaeology, Musselburgh. Radiocarbon Analysis was undertaken by the Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre and was funded by the Historic Environment Scotland Radiocarbon Call-off Contract. The Scottish Medieval Castles and Chapels C14 Project is match-funded by Historic Environment Scotland (Archaeology Programme and Cultural Resources Team) and the University of Stirling. Presenting the first independent dating evidence relating to the construction of this culturally significant building, the study ultimately confirms that Castle Roy was probably constructed in the late 12th to early 13th century at the administrative centre of the surrounding lordship and parish. Informed by these analyses, Bayesian techniques are employed to generate estimates for the constructional chronology of the upstanding building, before reconsidering the history of the lordship and the location of the castle relative to other buildings across the region. A study of the surviving structure and its component materials is then presented, which includes petrographic, archaeobotanical and radiocarbon analysis of a well-distributed assemblage of mortar fragments, in comparison with various potential source materials from the surrounding environment. The paper highlights that the castle has been constructed close to an ecotone between distinctive upland and mountain biomes, before considering previous evidence relating to the building and its administrative role in the medieval period. ![]() A multidisciplinary historic landscape, buildings and materials study is presented, which situates the construction of Castle Roy within the wider physical and cultural environment of medieval Grampian Scotland.
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